Crampons or microspikes? How to prepare your gear for a winter trip in the Tatras

2. For steep summits and hard “concrete”: Basket crampons

If you’re planning to climb Kasprowy Wierch, Czerwone Wierchy, or any route above the tree line, you need serious equipment. Basket crampons (or semi-automatic/automatic ones) are powerful metal frames with long, sharp teeth—especially the two projecting teeth at the front.

• Why are they necessary? Only they can bite deeply into so-called “snow concrete” or ice, giving a stable stance on slopes steeper than 25–30 degrees.
• Important: Basket crampons require stiff boots. If you put them on soft, “summer sneakers,” the connecting bar between the crampon baskets can break and the crampon may come off. You need hard winter trekking boots (often with an edge for semi-automatic crampons).

3. Your safety brake: Ice axe

A golden rule of winter climbing goes like this: If you have crampons on your feet, you must have an ice axe in your hand.

• Trekking ice axes aren’t (only) for punching into vertical ice. Their main job is to arrest a fall.
• If you slip on a steep, icy slope and start sliding downhill, the ice axe is your only chance to stop. But remember: simply owning an ice axe won’t save you. You must know (practice on flat snow!) how to do “ice axe braking” before you ever start picking up speed.
• Trekking poles are not an ice axe. A pole cannot brake you!

4. Warmth underneath: Merino wool base layers

Winter outerwear is one thing, but the first layer next to your body is what determines whether you’ll get cold.

• When you’re climbing uphill, you sweat a lot. When you reach the summit, the wind cools you down within minutes. Cotton in these conditions will kill you with cold.
• Merino thermals (long-sleeve shirt and bottoms/leggings) are the best winter investment. Merino has a great property: it breathes, and—most importantly—it keeps warming even when it’s wet from sweat.

5. Hands and eyes (Beginner mistakes)

In winter, the mountains highlight even the tiniest gear gaps.

• Winter gloves: One pair is not enough! Gloves quickly get soaked in snow. Pack at least two pairs. (One lighter pair for approaches, and a second, very warm pair—“mittens”—for breaks/ridges).
• Glacier goggles: Snow reflects up to 80% of sunlight. On a sunny day, without filter glasses category 3 or 4 (so-called glacier goggles), after a few hours you risk “snow blindness” (a very painful corneal burn). Regular pharmacy sunglasses may not be enough.

Winter Tatras can be magical and safe—if you treat them with respect and have the right gear. Remember to check the TOPR website before every outing for the current avalanche danger level!